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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Mural crown ： ウィキペディア英語版 Mural crown A mural crown ((ラテン語:corona muralis)) is a crown or headpiece representing city walls or towers. In classical antiquity, it was an emblem of tutelary deities who watched over a city, and among the Romans a military decoration. Later the mural crown developed into a symbol of European heraldry, mostly for cities and towns, and in the 19th and 20th centuries was used in some republican heraldry. ==Usage in ancient times== In Hellenistic culture, a mural crown identified the goddess Tyche, the embodiment of the fortune of a city, familiar to Romans as Fortuna. The high cylindrical ''polos'' of Cybele too could be rendered as a mural crown in Hellenistic times, specifically designating the mother goddess as patron of a city.〔The mural crown as an indicator of the personification of a city was thoroughly explored by: 〕 The mural crown became an ancient Roman military decoration. The ''corona muralis'' (Latin for "walled crown") was a golden crown, or a circle of gold intended to resemble a battlement, bestowed upon the soldier who first climbed the wall of a besieged city or fortress to successfully place the standard of the attacking army upon it.〔Aulus Gellius, ''Noctes Attici'', V.6.4; Livy, ''Ab Urbe Condita'', XXVI.48〕 The Roman mural crown was made of gold, and decorated with turrets,〔''muri pinnis'' according to Aulus Gellius〕 as is the heraldic version. As it was among the highest order of military decorations, it was not awarded to a claimant until after a strict investigation.〔Livy. l.c.; cf. Suetonius, ''Lives of the Twelve Caesars'', Augustus 25.〕 The ''rostrata'' mural crown, composed of the ''rostra'' indicative of captured ships, was assigned as naval prize to the first in a boarding party, similar to the naval crown. The Graeco-Roman goddess Roma's attributes on Greek coinage usually include her mural crown, signifying Rome's status as a loyal protector of Hellenic city-states.〔Mellor, R., "The Goddess Roma" in Haase, W., Temporini, H., (eds), ''Aufstieg und Niedergang der romischen Welt'', de Gruyter, 1991, pp 60-63.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mural crown」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.